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1.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 80(4): 438-445, Apr. 2003. ilus
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-334407

ABSTRACT

The patient was a 4-month-old infant, who underwent persistent ductus arteriosus interruption with titanium clips at the age of 13 days and, since the age of 2 months, had crises of hypoxia and hypertonicity. After clinical investigation, the presence of pulmonary hypertension was confirmed and left ventricular inflow tract obstruction was suspected. The patient underwent surgical treatment at the age of 4 months, during which right and left ventricular endocardial fibrosis was identified. The fibrosis was resected, but the infant had an unfavorable clinical evolution with significant diastolic restriction and died on the sixth postoperative day. Anatomicopathological and surgical findings suggested endomyocardial fibrosis, although that pathology is very rare at the patient's age


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Endomyocardial Fibrosis , Fatal Outcome , Heart Ventricles , Hypertension, Pulmonary
2.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 79(2): 173-180, Aug. 2002. ilus
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-317890

ABSTRACT

We report the case of a 7-year-old male child diagnosed with Williams-Beuren syndrome and arterial hypertension refractory to clinical treatment. The diagnosis was confirmed by genetic study. Narrowing of the descending aorta and stenosis of the renal arteries were also diagnosed. Systemic vascular alterations caused by deletion of the elastin gene may occur early in individuals with Williams-Beuren syndrome, leading to the clinical manifestation of systemic arterial hypertension refractory to drug treatment


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Aorta, Thoracic , Chromosome Deletion , Hypertension , Renal Artery Obstruction , Williams Syndrome/complications , Cardiac Catheterization , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 , Hypertension , Renal Artery Obstruction , Williams Syndrome/genetics , Williams Syndrome/physiopathology
3.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 77(1): 69-76, July 2001. ilus
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-288992

ABSTRACT

We report the case of an 8-month-old female infant with Uhl's anomaly, who underwent successful cardiac transplantation. The clinical findings, complementary laboratory tests, anatomic findings, and differential diagnosis of the anomaly are discussed


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis , Heart Transplantation/methods , Heart Ventricles/abnormalities , Diagnosis, Differential , Heart Defects, Congenital/pathology , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery
4.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 74(3): 197-208, mar. 2000. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-265162

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess intermediate-term outcome in children who have undergone orthotopic heart transplantation. METHODS: We carried out a longitudinal and prospective study between October '92 and June '99 comprising 20 patients with ages ranging from 12 days to 7 years (mean of 2.8 years). We employed a double immunosuppression protocol with cyclosporine and azathioprine and induction therapy with polyclonal antithymocyte serum. Survival and complications resulting from the immunosuppression protocol were analyzed. RESULTS: The double immunosuppression protocol and the induction therapy with polyclonal antithymocyte serum resulted in an actuarial survival curve of 90 per cent and 78.2 per cent at 1 and 6 years, respectively, with a mean follow-up period of 3.6 years. One patient died due to acute rejection 40 days after transplantation; another patient died 2 years after transplantation due to lymphoproliferative disorder; a third patient died because of primary failure of the graft; and a fourth patient died due to bronchopneumonia. The major complications were as follows: acute rejection, infection, nephrotoxicity, and systemic hypertension. The means of rejection and infection episodes per patient were 2.9 and 3.4, respectively. After one year of transplantation, a slight reduction in the creatinine clearance and systemic hypertension were observed in 7 (38.9 per cent) patients. CONCLUSION: Heart transplantation made life possible for those patients with complex congenital heart diseases and cardiomyopathies in refractory congestive heart failure constituting a therapeutical option for this group of patients in the terminal phase.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Heart Transplantation/methods , Cardiomyopathies/surgery , Follow-Up Studies , Graft Rejection , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Heart Failure/surgery , Heart Transplantation/adverse effects , Immunosuppression Therapy/adverse effects , Immunosuppression Therapy/methods , Longitudinal Studies , Postoperative Complications , Prospective Studies , Survival Analysis
7.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 73(4): 349-58, out. 1999. tab
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-255032

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE - To assess neonates with aortic stenosis with early decompensation operated upon. (LCO) (CHF). METHODS - A and retrospective study analyzing 6 neonates with LCO, group I (GI), and 12 neonates with CHF, group II (GII). Clinical radiographic, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings also provided comparative bases for the study, as did surgical and evolutional findings. RESULTS - The mean ages at hospitalization and surgery (p = 0.0031) were 14.3 and 14.8 days in GI and 35.4 and 42.8 days in GII, respectively. Cardiac murmurs were more intense in GII (p = 0.0220). The aortic ring was smaller in GI (8.0 2.5mm) as compared to GII (11.4_1.4mm) (p = 0.2882). Vntricular function was reduced to 18_5.5 percent and 3.3_7.6 percent in GI and GII, respectively (p = 0.0162). Artic atresia, however, was present only in 2 neonates in GI. Five of 6 patients in GI died but all patients in GII survived (p=0.0007). In the latter group, 84.6 percent of the patients were infunctional class I (FC-I) in the long-term follow-up, with moderate residual lesions in 6 neonates, discrete residual lesions in 4, and reoperation in 2. CONCLUSION - Aortic stenosis is a severe anomaly of the neonate, whose immediate evolution depends on the pre-operative anatomic and functional findings, and the late evolution essentially depends on the anatomic features of thevalve


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Humans , Infant , Female , Aortic Valve Stenosis/surgery , Aortic Valve Stenosis/complications , Aortic Valve Stenosis/congenital , Aortic Valve Stenosis/mortality , Cardiac Output, Low/etiology , Cardiac Output, Low/surgery , Heart Failure/etiology , Heart Failure/surgery , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Treatment Outcome
8.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 73(1): 59-74, jul. 1999. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-249318

ABSTRACT

O objetivo aortopulmonar (JaoP) é uma anomalia congênita incomum cujos achados clínicos dependem do tamanho do defeito e das lesões associadas. Assim, avaliamos a nossa experiência, comparando-a com 296 casos relatados na literatura. Métodos - Estudo retrospectivo de 18 pacientes (idade variando de 13 dias a 31 anos, sendo 13 (72,2 por cento) do sexo feminino), divididos em dois grupos: grupo A (GA): 10 pacientes com defeito isolado e grupo B (GB): 8 pacientes com defeitos associados. Resultados - Insuficiência cardíaca ocorreu em 14 pacientes, principalmente no GA (8 pacientes), e cianose em três, dois no GB (tetralogia de Fallot (TF) e dupla via de saída de ventrículo direito (DVSVD)) e um com hipertensão pulmonar. Em 5 (38,4 por cento) pacientes do GA, foi diagnosticado insuficiência mitral devido ao sopro sistólico e à sobrecarga do VE ao ECG. No GB, os achados clínicos dependiam dos defeitos associados. O diagnóstico pela ecocardiografia foi feito em 11 (61,2 por cento) pacientes, sendo confundido com insuficiência mitral em três, com canal arterial em um e mascarado por defeitos importantes do tipo DVSVD (2 casos) e TF (1 caso). O diagnóstico foi realizado pelo cateterismo em 3 (16,6 por cento) pacientes, pela cirurgia em 3 (16,6 por cento) e pela necropsia em um (5,5 por cento). Foi feita sirurgia em 14 (77,7 por cento) pacientes com um óbito imediato, e boa evolução a longo prazo nos demais. Conclusão - O diagnóstico de JaoP pode ser confundido com outros defeitos. Os achados clínicos aliados ao estudo e ecocardiográfico podem orientar o diagnóstico do defeito, se analisados adequadamente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Aortopulmonary Septal Defect/physiopathology , Aortopulmonary Septal Defect/surgery , Aortopulmonary Septal Defect/diagnosis , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
11.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 71(6): 793-6, dez. 1998. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-241718

ABSTRACT

Ausência de conexão atrioventricular à direita com o ventrículo dominante, morfologicamente direito, colocado à esquerda, em conexão com o átrio esquerdo, é uma rara situação. Os autores apresentam cinco casos com esta disposição morfológica, salientando os aspectos anatômicos e clínicos, bem como a importância da nomenclatura baseada na análise segmentar seqüencial.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Infant , Female , Humans , Adolescent , Heart Atria/abnormalities , Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis , Heart Ventricles/abnormalities , Heart Atria/surgery , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Heart Ventricles/surgery , Terminology
12.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 71(5): 661-6, nov. 1998. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-241760

ABSTRACT

Objetivo - Estudar o perfil dos parâmetros hemodinâmicos e a evolução clínica de crianças candidatas a transplante cardíaco, portadoras de cardiomiopatia grave. Métodos - Foram 24 crianças, com idade entre 4 meses e 10 anos e 8 meses (média de 3,7+2,5 anos), no período de fevereiro/92 a maio/96, submetidas a estudo hemodinâmico e medidos os seguintes parâmetros: débito cardíaco, pressão média de artéria pulmonar (PMAP) e pressão capilar pulmonar. Foram calculados o índice de resistência vascular pulmonar (IRVP) e gradiente de pressão transpulmonar (GPT). Resultados - Do ponto de vista evolutivo, 10 (41,6 por cento) crianças foram transplantadas (grupo A), 5 (20,8 por cento) aguardam o transplante (grupo B) e 9 (37,6 por cento) faleceram (grupo C). Observou-se que a média das idades dos pacientes do grupo B foi significativamente menor que do grupo C. Dos dados hemodinâmicos, a PMAP, GTP e IRVP apresentaram médias significativamente menores no grupo A em relação ao grupo C. Conclusão - O perfil hemodinâmico de crianças candidatas ao transplante cardíaco mostrou-se compatível ao quadro clínico de insuficiência cardíaca grave. A idade foi o único fator que diferenciou o grupo B e C (p=0,036). O IRVP, PMAP e o GTP foram fatores que diferenciam de modo significativo o grupo A e o grupo C (p=0,010; p=0,044 e p=0,023, respectivamente). Quanto maior a idade no momento da indicação do transplante na criança, pior foi seu prognóstico.


Subject(s)
Infant , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/surgery , Heart Transplantation , Hemodynamics/physiology , Age Factors , Blood Pressure , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/complications , Heart Transplantation/physiology , Pulmonary Wedge Pressure
13.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 13(2): 120-3, abr.-jun. 1998. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-217957

ABSTRACT

Cinco pacientes com idades entre 3 meses e 11 meses, com diagnóstico clínico, ecocardiográfico e angiográfico de origem anômala da artéria coronária esquerda do tronco pulmonar foram operados no período de 1987 a 1997. Somente durante o ato operatório foi diagnosticado o trajeto intramural aórtico. Em 4 deles uma nova técnica cirúrgica foi utilizada e em 1 deles o reimplante da coronária esquerda foi empregado. Nesta técnica, após o diagnóstico intra-operatório do trajeto intramural, o tronco pulmonar é aberto e a coronária esquerda é explorada com um probe de modo a identificar seu trajeto. A seguir, a aorta é aberta e o segmento intramural da ocorrência é aberto longitudinalmente. A camada íntima da coronária é suturada à íntima e média da aorta, criando-se uma ampla janela aortocoronária. Por último, a origem da coronária anômala no tronco pulmonar é ligada. Os 4 pacientes operados com esta técnica evoluíram com melhora da classe funcional e da funçao contrátil ao ecocardiograma. Apresentam-se em classe funcional grau I (NYHA) após um período de seguimento de 7 meses a 10 anos. O único óbito ocorreu no paciente submetido a dissecçao da coronária esquerda e reimplante na aorta, que apresentou complicaçoes pós-operatórias, falecendo 6 meses após a alta hospitalar. Nestes casos, a alternativa de espera a coronária da parede aórtica e reimplantar a coronária deve ser evitada. A técnica descrita permite a correçao cirúrgica desta anomalia de maneira simples e segura, com bons resultados a longo prazo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/surgery , Aorta/surgery , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Pulmonary Artery/abnormalities , Pulmonary Artery/surgery , Coronary Vessel Anomalies , Aorta , Cineangiography , Postoperative Period , Pulmonary Artery
15.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 12(2): 160-5, abr.-jun. 1997. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-193733

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Apresentar uma modificaçäo técnica para a correçäo cirúrgica biventricular da dupla via de saída de ventrículo direito com comunicaçäo interventricular näo relacionada. Métodos: No período de abril de 1987 a fevereiro de 1996, 15 pacientes portadores desta anomalia foram submetidos à técnica de reconstruçäo biventricular com "tunelizaçäo do ventrículo esquerdo para a aorta utilizando-se 2 ou mais retalhos de pericárdio bovino. A idade variou entre 2 a 13 anos (média = 4,8 anos; média = 5 anos). Treze pacientes apresentavam situs solitus e levocardia, 1 paciente situs inversus e dextrocardia e 1 paciente situs solitus e dextrocardia. A construçäo do túnel inicia-se no átrio direito. Sendo a CIV pequena ou restritiva, é feita a ampliaçäo em sentido anterior e o primeiro retalho é suturado na borda póstero-inferior do defeito direcionando-o para o septo, em posiçäo anterior e superior. A seguir, através de ventriculotomia direita o segundo, terceiro e, por vezes, o quarto retalhos säo suturados direcionando o túnel para o anel aórtico. Resultados: Houve 3 óbitos (mortalidade de 20 por cento), 2 hospitalares, 1 tardio e os 12 pacientes restantes foram seguidos por um período variável de 10 meses a 9 anos (média 33 meses) encontrando-se todos em classe funcional I (NYHA). Comunicaçäo interventricular residual, mínima, foi observada em 1 paciente, estenose pulmonar residual em 2 pacientes e insuficiência pulmonar em 1 paciente. Em nenhum dos pacientes demonstrou-se obstruçäo do túnel ventrículo esquerdo - aorta. Conclusäo: Baseados nestes resultados, concluímos que esta técnica para reparo biventricular permite a construçäo de um túnel com diâmetro interno adequado, respeitando as mudanças de direçäo existentes entre a comunicaçäo interventricular e a aorta. O túnel de pericárdio bovino ocupa menor espaço intraventricular causando, portanto, menor risco de obstruçäo da via de saída de ventrículo direito.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Double Outlet Right Ventricle/surgery , Surgical Flaps , Thoracic Surgery , Heart Ventricles/abnormalities , Treatment Outcome
16.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 68(4): 289-292, Abr. 1997. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-320334

ABSTRACT

The authors present a case of a two-year-old boy with stridor since birth, and also recurrent episodes of pulmonary infections, due to mechanical compression of distal trachea by a left pulmonary artery sling. They discussed diagnostic approach, surgical management and review of the literature. To our knowledge, it is the first case of sling of the pulmonary artery reported in Brazil and the fifth in a latin language country.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Pulmonary Artery
17.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 68(1): 3-8, Jan. 1997. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-320376

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To determine the value of the quantitative analysis of lung biopsies from patients with congenital cardiac defects. METHODS: Fourty nine biopsies were examined, from patients: 43 patients increased pulmonary blood flow, 3 with pulmonary atresia and large systemic-to-pulmonary collateral vessels, and 3 with decreased pulmonary flow. The degree of lesion was determined as in Heath-Edwards and of Rabinovitch and col. RESULTS: The Heath and Edwards grade was determined in 41 cases; I in nine; II in 23; III in eight; IV in one; 3 biopsies showed evidence of reduced pulmonary flow and 5 had no signs of vascular disease. The Down patients (7) presented a greater proportion of severe lesions. Quantitative evaluation was obtained in 35 biopsies: 11 had grade B and 24 had grade C. Wall atrophy and dilatation of intraacinar arteries were detected in 7 cases, what suggested the existence of obstructive lesions in proximal vessels, even if not sampled. Medical thickness greater than 2 times the normal were observed in pre-acinar arteries from 14 biopsies. CONCLUSION: The morphometric approach allowed us to detect severe lesions which the qualitative analysis alone would not indicate adequately. In the patients presenting decreased pulmonary flow, morphometry made possible to assess if the degree of arterial wall hypertrophy was compatible with a surgery of atrio-pulmonary anastomosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Pulmonary Artery , Heart Defects, Congenital/complications , Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology , Lung/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology , Severity of Illness Index
18.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 11(4): 287-91, out.-dez. 1996. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-184580

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Avaliaçao de uma nova abordagem cirúrgica para fechamento da comunicaçao interatrial. Métodos: A abordagem da comunicaçao interatrial através da janela xifóidea foi realizada em 6 pacientes do sexo masculino e l do sexo feminino e a idade variou de 6 meses a 14 anos, com média de idades de 5,1 anos. Em todos, foi utilizada a circulaçao extracorpórea, através de canulaçao da artéria femoral e átrio direito e videotoracoscopia para auxiliar a visibilizaçao da aorta e do canal arterial, assim como das estruturas correspondentes às cavidades esquerdas. Resultados: Nao houve complicaçoes intra-operatórias ou pós-operatórias e, em todos os pacientes, foi possível a extubaçao na sala de operaçoes. Conclusao: A janela xifóidea, sem a abertura do esterno, permitiu a correçao da comunicaçao interatrial com bons resultados, podendo constituir-se em uma nova abordagem, minimamente invasiva.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/surgery , Xiphoid Bone , Extracorporeal Circulation , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures , Thoracoscopy
19.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 67(4): 249-253, Out. 1996. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-319248

ABSTRACT

The association of tetralogy of Fallot with atrial isomerism has been rarely reported. Eight cases (five with left isomerism and three with right isomerism) are known. This paper reports two other cases of tetralogy of Fallot with left atrial isomerism. The syndrome's defects were disguised and without clinical expression because of the presence of the right ventricular outlet obstruction of tetralogy of Fallot. These diagnostic elements, not recognized in one of the patients previous to surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot, were present: junctional rhythm, bronchial isomerism, partial anomalous pulmonary vein connection, agenesy of inferior vena cava and abdominal heterotaxy; their identification previous to surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot, is necessary for an adequate surgical management.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Tetralogy of Fallot , Heart Atria , Abnormalities, Multiple , Heart Atria , Fatal Outcome
20.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 67(3): 165-170, Set. 1996. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-319260

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Heart transplantation has offered children with complex congenital heart diseases and severe cardiomyopathies a chance for survival. The present article was written to show the three year experience of this procedure at the Instituto do Coração-HCFMUSP. METHODS: The methodology used was based on heart transplant indication criteria, inclusion criteria for donors, postoperative management, immunosuppression and prophylaxis as well as treatment of potential complications. RESULTS: From November 1992 to November 1995, 11 children, aged 12 days old to six years (mean 2.5 years) underwent transplantation. Sixty percent of recipients were male; weight ranged from 3.5 to 17.8 kg (mean 10.3 kg). The mean age of donors was 4.4 years (a range of three weeks to ten years), 80 male, weight ranging from 3.8 to 20 kg (median 14.3 kg). The survival rate was 91 and the remaining 10 children are doing well. The most important complications were systemic hypertension, acute rejection and infection. The number of rejections and infections per patient were 3.5 and 4.7 episodes, respectively. The follow-up was between one month to three years (average 16 months). CONCLUSION: In this experience, heart transplantation has given an additional opportunity for children with complex congenital heart diseases and cardiomyopathies, with a survival rate of 91 in three years.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Heart Transplantation , Follow-Up Studies , Postoperative Complications , Postoperative Period
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